Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Women in the Enlightenment Essay Example

Ladies in the Enlightenment Paper Archives of the Enlightenment century demonstrate, and resulting examines affirm, that with the conceivable exemption of the current century ladies have never been so persuasive and productive as they were in the Age of Enlightenment. As of late, another age of students of history and abstract researchers ladies specifically has extraordinarily upgraded our comprehension and energy about eighteenth century ladies. The reason for this work is to remember for a solitary paper a perspective on womens political, social, social, scholarly, aesthetic, and logical achievements in the Enlightenment. Further this work thinks about perspectives on ladies at the hour of the Enlightenment from times past to the Enlightenment till those held today. Opening Statement, Assumption or Hypothesis Telling the tale of ladies in the Enlightenment presents numerous methodological and reasonable difficulties. The basic trouble, obviously, lies in the classification ‘women’ itself. How might one expound on ‘women’ when the term grasps the greater part of the populace and is comprised of people from a wide range of different backgrounds? Further, we are influenced at the degree of conviction frameworks which may make us decipher womens conduct uniquely in contrast to mens. We will compose a custom article test on Women in the Enlightenment explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Women in the Enlightenment explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Women in the Enlightenment explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Moreover, our own conduct decisions may likewise be impacted by social assumptions about what is proper to our sex. Hence, public activity is altogether different for people. Thus, the paper explores ladies in the Enlightenment jobs with the conviction that ladies can offer something remarkable at the hour of the Enlightenment. Conversation of Findings The eighteenth century was in numerous regards a decent an ideal opportunity to be a womanâ€at least for a female tip top. As the Goncourt siblings recommended in a great work, at no other time, maybe, had ladies gave off an impression of being so amazing or so explicitly freed (Gilmour 21). At Court and in the realm of the Parisian salons, splendid society ladies used huge impact in their noble and high society milieu. Illustrious special ladies, for example, Mme de Pompadour and Mme du Barry, or society masters, for example, the affluent Mme du Deffand or the shocking Mme du Tencin, mother of the philosophe d’Alembert, were just the most evident models: and to these could be included free ladies who prevailing with regards to winning their own living as authors, similar to the Marquise de Chatelet, the interpreter of Newton’s Principia and companion of Voltaire, or as craftsmen, similar to the painter Elizabeth Vigee-Lebrun. Similarly as men were known (if not expected) to enjoy extra-conjugal undertakings, so too in considerate society female sexual disloyalty was endured, if it was not displayed and the respect of a spouse not hindered. The French privileged without a doubt rehearsed contraception, which was the primary explanation that the birth rate in the groups of the honorability tumbled from 6. 5 in the seventeenth century to 2 in the eighteenth century, and this thusly could just have reduced women’s fears of the perils of labor, just as of male sexual animosity. By and by, if not in principle, the twofold standard of ethical quality not, at this point applied to numerous ladies of the high societies. However, as the Goncourts additionally perceived, ladies all the while showed up in another and less complimenting light in the period. Hostile to lady partiality stayed solid in the eighteenth century, and from numerous points of view the flighty conduct of ladies of the first class succeeded uniquely in making it more grounded. The introduction of a female youngster was not really welcomed as uplifting news in eighteenth-century family. This deduction of sexual equity was a long way from all around drawn, even from standard speculations of the psyche. People may be brought into the world intellectually equivalent however this was predictable with natural conditions influencing in significant manners a people scholarly and moral turn of events. On account of ladies a blend of social and natural conditions was refered to that legitimated contrasts of treatment. Talleyrand, in his Report on Public Instruction of 1791, concedes that from the outset sight it appears to be irregular that a large portion of mankind is avoided from all investment in government by the other half and that they are, in actuality, rewarded as outsiders by the law under which they were conceived and have grown up (Fitzpatrick 30). By the by, the avoidance of ladies is to benefit the entire, allowing them to seek after their common fates as moms, away from the diverting tumult of open issues that would jeopardize their fragile constitutions. The preservation of society has demonstrated this regular division of forces. Thusly the training of ladies ought to be coordinated to these obligations, not at denaturing their resources. It is best directed in the haven of the fatherly home to habituate ladies to a resigned and quiet life (Talleyrand 1791:168-71). This type of contention could bid even to nonconformists and radicals, since it didn't deny ladies their scholarly fairness yet advocated differential instruction on regular and useful grounds.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Questiona and Answer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Questiona and Answer - Essay Example Artists additionally frequently resort to examine in the beginning times of the illustrative procedure. They typically foundation research of the components engaged with the story and profoundly comprehend them so as to more readily recount to the story in picture. The following system would be the storyboards, structure and design, where the artist organizes the succession and the mixing of the content and the outlines so as to have the most powerful narrating impact and to feature and accentuate certain parts where featuring is required. Ansty and Bull (2000) noticed that the illustrative procedure is fairly loaded with cooperation from numerous individuals en route, and not just disconnected to the artist. He counsels among numerous people and are likewise investigated and helpfully assessed by others before the last yield is finished. This progression is fundamental particularly with the inclusion of a supervisor wherein he comprehends what may be acceptable or what may be unfavorable in a definitive objective of the story, which is to sell. Returning to the artist, it is essential to consider how he sees and knows about his intended interest group for the outlines. He should be touchy to the direction of the perusers and on how he depicts them or how he communicates it to them in a way suitable. 1. The illustrative procedure is compared to the creative cycle in view of the manner in which it doesn't follow exacting rules and successions of stages so as to make the ideal result, however they in any case cling to a similar by and large procedure. Composing is the capacity to lucid to share and impact the contemplations with others (The Writing Process, 2007), in like way, delineating isn't so distant in that idea. 2. Recorded as a hard copy a story board, initial, one needs to consider the message that is the general idea in the story. For this situation, in the narrative of Cinderalla, it’s about

Tuesday, August 4, 2020

Is a DUI a Felony or Misdemeanor

Is a DUI a Felony or Misdemeanor Addiction Alcohol Use Drunk Driving Print Are DUIs Felonies or Misdemeanors? By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on January 14, 2020 Zigy Kaluzny / The Image Bank / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Drunk Driving Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Is driving under the influence of intoxicants (DUI/DWI) a felony or a misdemeanor? Under most circumstances, a first-time conviction for driving under the influence is a misdemeanor, but there are circumstances under which a DUI can be a charged as a felony crime. These circumstances vary by state and jurisdiction. In many states, a drunk driving charge is considered a traffic offense or a misdemeanor, but those charges can be enhanced from standard misdemeanor DUI to felony DUI depending upon other factors.?? Besides the legal implications, being intoxicated beyond the legal limit for driving puts your health at risk in many ways, even if you arent behind the wheel. You will likely undergo an alcohol evaluation to see the extent of your drinking habits and alcohol education to explain how drinking can affect your life and health. 10 Things You Should Know About Getting a DUI Factors That Elevate Misdemeanor DUI to Felony DUI While laws vary state to state, the following are some common situations that can result in a felony DUI. Bodily Harm In most states, if someone is killed or injured by the drunken driver, felony charges can be filed. Its more typical that the driver must be the one who caused the accident that resulted in bodily harm. If you run a stop sign while intoxicated and hit another vehicle, you may be charged with felony DUI if your passengers or people in the other vehicle are injured.?? But it is less likely your charge will be elevated to felony DUI if you were intoxicated but somebody else rear-ended you at a stop sign and you or other people were injured in the accident. Breaking Other Laws and Driving With a Suspended License In some jurisdictions, if you are arrested for DUI while breaking other laws at the same time, the charged can be elevated to a felony level. For example, in some states, if you are driving with a suspended license and are arrested for drunk driving, the offense can be considered a felony. If your license is restricted, suspended, or revoked, it is very bad news to be caught for DUI. Elevated Blood Alcohol Content The standard for impairment is a blood alcohol content (BAC) of .08 percent in all states.?? Some states have also set a level of BAC at which the charge can be elevated to felony DUI. Often, this level is around 0.16 percent.?? In other states, a higher BAC can result in getting a harsher punishment when convicted of misdemeanor DUI. You can expect that the higher your BAC, the worse the penalty will be. Driving DUI with Children in the Vehicle Specific laws have been passed in many states that allow felony DUI charges if there are children in the vehicle. The ages defined may be up into teenage years, such as Leandras Law in New York, which defines a  child as age 15 and younger.?? Prior Convictions for DUI If you have a prior conviction for DUI, states vary in how many convictions and in what period of time these can be used to justify a felony DUI charge. If your driving license privileges have been restricted because of driving under the influence and you are caught driving while intoxicated again, some states will charge you with a felony. For example, if you have been ordered to install an ignition interlock device on your vehicle because of a previous DUI, and you are stopped for drunken driving again, it can be a felony in some states.?? Misdemeanor Maximum of one-year jail time Fines typically $1,000 or less Possibility of probation Felony Minimum of one-year jail time (often in state prison) Fines excess of $1,000 (even tens of thousands) Possibility of parole and probation The Consequences Drunk driving laws vary from state to state and new legislation is passed every year. If you are charged with a felony DUI, youll need a lawyer, who depending on your situation, may try to reduce your sentence or lessen your charges. In some states, however, this may be a waste of time and money as the penalties are mandated by state law and cant be changed.?? In addition to hefty fines and mandatory jail time, if you are charged with a felony DUI you will likely lose the following: Driving privileges (temporarily or permanently)Civil rights (right to vote or own a weapon)Custody or visitation privileges (especially if a child was in the vehicle) Youll also be required to use a monitoring device (breath alcohol ignition interlock device or a blood alcohol continuous monitoring device (SCRAM ankle bracelet). Most states also have laws that require anyone convicted  of drunk driving  to undergo an alcohol evaluation. A counselor will evaluate you to see whether your drinking behavior can be considered alcohol dependence or alcohol abuse. You may be required to enter an alcohol treatment program  or an alcohol education program to learn how binge drinking and other problem drinking can affect your health and life. Do You Know What Drunk Driving Laws Your State Has?

Saturday, May 23, 2020

Introduction . Cannabis Is The Most Commonly Used Illegal

Introduction Cannabis is the most commonly used illegal drug that is used world wide with an estimation of 125-203 million users in 2009 (Degenhardt Hall 2012). Cannabis misuse causes adverse effects and leads to addiction if consumed continuously ( ). Substance abuse leads to health effects and also becomes expensive for governments hence the need to endeavour to try and sort out issues that affect it ( ). There is clear-cut evidence in the literature which illuminates the physiological aspects and psychological explanations of substance abuse. (ref) Cannabis abuse is considered to be a vital subject for reasons that (a) some countries such as Netherlands have legalised even though it is an illicit drug and some nations are on the†¦show more content†¦In addition, Physiological effects of drug addiction differ depending on the type of drug being consumed. The brain is primarily where the physical effects of drug addiction occur. Drugs influence how the brain functions because it gets i nundated with substances. History of cannabis What is cannabis, also known as marijuana is a psychoactive drug. Psychoactive drug can be defined as chemicals that alter an individuals mood, behaviour and consciousness. (Comer, Gould Furnham 2013). Cannabis is catergorised as a substance use disorder (DSM5 2013). Source plants that can be defined as a plant that has a strong odour which dry leaves that intoxicating drugs come from. (ref). Forms of cannabis are female and male which both produce THC and the female produces higher concentration than the male. clinical features forms herbal resin oil †¢ the dried leaves †¢ Hashish the resin obtained from the flower top a concentration that is removed from the cannabis plant happens to be frequently used by cannabis users. (DSM 5 2013). †¢ it is a plant that Cannabinoid is an active principle that is found in marijuana. Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol and cannabinol are the composites that are obtained from cannabis. (Pertwee 2005). Cannabis can be consumed in the form of smoking, eating andShow MoreRelatedThe War On Drugs And Its Effects On The United States1413 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The launching of the 1960’s brought with it a public health issue concerning the use and abuse of illegal drugs. Responding to the crisis, the US department of Justice established the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous drugs, which was designed to control illegal drugs, specifically marijuana. Building on the prohibition, in 1971 President Richard Nixon officially declared a â€Å"war on drugs†, which resulted in an increased federal role in the warfare by providing the federal governmentRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1356 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana has been used as a medicine for millennia by cultures spanning the globe. Ever since 1937, that medical necessity has fallen in America to political pressure, and the cannabis plant remains illegal regardless of intended use. Since then, patients have continued demanding marijuana s therapeutic effects, thus prompting the pharmaceutical industry to find a legitimate means of meeting their needs without violating fed eral law. This quest for legal weed resulted in the introduction of dronabinolRead MoreEffects Of Marijuana Abuse On The Health Of Teens Aged 13-19 Essay1684 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is the Impact of Cannabis (Marijuana) Abuse on the health of Teens aged 13-19 in UK CONTENTS What is the Impact of Cannabis (Marijuana) Abuse on the health of Teens aged 13-19 in UK 1 Contents 1 1. Rationale 2 2. Aim 5 3. Objectives 5 4. Methodology 5 5. Data Search and Data Sources 7 6. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria 7 7. Anti-oppressive Practices and Ethical Considerations 7 8. Project Outline 8 9. Time Scale 8 References 10 1. RATIONALE According to Plant (2016) 36% of teenagersRead MoreTop 10 Drugs and Their Effects1358 Words   |  6 Pagesand Their Effects Drug abuse is a very common problem in most countries so it seemed like a good topic for a list. This is a list of ten of the most abused drugs and the effects they have on people. 1. Heroin Heroin is an opiate processed directly from the extracts of the opium poppy. It was originally created to help cure people of addiction to morphine. Upon crossing the blood-brain barrier, which occurs soon after introduction of the drug into the bloodstream, heroin is converted intoRead MoreI. Introduction. In The State Of Texas, If You Receive1427 Words   |  6 PagesI. Introduction In the state of Texas, if you receive payment for a quarter ounce or less of marijuana, it is considered a ‘Class A’ misdemeanor (Health and Safety Code, 2015, Sec. 481.120.). However, if you deliver a quarter ounce or less of marijuana and do not receive payment, it is a ‘Class B’ misdemeanor (Health and Safety Code, 2015, Sec. 481.120.). It is a state jail felony if you deliver and receive payment for more than a quarter ounce but less than five pounds. If the amount exceeds fiveRead MoreMarijuana Is The Most Dangerous For Human Health1251 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Marijuana is the dried leaf of the Cannabis Sativa or hemp plant. The hemp plant’s dried leaves are greenish gray in color and when smoked or ingested, marijuana has psychoactive effects in humans. These psychoactive effects include: relaxation, heightened senses, laughter, altered perception of time, and increased appetite (What Are Marijuana Effects?). The main chemical in Marijuana that causes these effects is delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol or THC, but there are about one hundredRead MoreLegalizing Marijuan A Utilitarian Perspective1618 Words   |  7 Pagesperception and harmful effects influence the decision of marijuana remaining illegal. But, the best way to control its use is to legalize it for its positive effects on the environment, medical uses, and revenue it generates for the government; therefore, producing the best results for the greatest number of people. Marijuana is the third most popular recreational drug in America following alcohol and tobacco. It is most commonly smoked out of a pipe, or rolled like a cigarette. The active ingredientRead MoreShould the United States Legalize Marijuana? Essay1339 Words   |  6 PagesEver since marijuana’s introduction to the United States of America in 1611, controversy of the use and legalization of the claimed-to-be Schedule I drug spread around the nation. While few selective states currently allow marijuana’s production and distribution, the remaining states still skepticize the harmlessness and usefulness of this particular drug; therefore, it remains illegal in the majority of the nation. The government officials and citizens of the opposing states believe the drug createsRead MoreShould Cannabis Be Legalised ? Essay2087 Words   |  9 PagesShould Cannabis be legalised? Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 2 Effects†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Page 2 Cannabis Origin†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Page 3 TCH†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 4 What the Law Says About Cannabis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Page 4 Is Cannabis Harmless?†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....Page 5 Forms Of Cannabis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Page 5 Arguments for and against legalisation of the drug†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Page 6 Quotes For and Against.............................................Read MoreMarijuana Should Be Banned Marijuana1667 Words   |  7 PagesCannabis, otherwise known as marijuana, is a way of preparing the marijuana plant so that it can be used as medicine or a psychoactive drug. It is the most extensively banned drug in Britain. However, many local societies and organizations advocate a reform of its validity. These include NORML UK, UKCSC Drug Equality Alliance, as well as Cannabis Law Reform. Other societies such as the Centre for Social Justice and Skunk Sense argue in favour of cannabis remaining illegal (UK Government, 2014). There

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Discursive Essay Free Essays

For centuries, controversy has surrounded the place of the death penalty in man’s society. Several arguments have been advanced in support of and against the practice. Advocacy towards repletion of the penalty altogether has increased in the recent times. We will write a custom essay sample on Discursive Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now This has led to its abolition as a form of punishment especially in the industrialized nations. Officially known as the Capital punishment, Advanced Learners English Dictionary defines it as the ‘execution of a person by a state as punishment for a crime. ’ Most of these crimes are capital. Historically, capital punishment was mostly carried out by beheading victims, hence the origin of the name, â€Å"capital† which a Latin word meaning â€Å"to punish by the head,† Atwood Mary (2004). In the earlier societies, death penalty was perhaps ‘misused† or â€Å"was too regularly used’ Amlie, T. Mitschow, C. (2004) without properly structured legal procedures. According to Banner Stuart (2002), it was practiced in â€Å"nearly all societies† to punish those considered criminals as well as to coerce society members to obey the governing authority. The act was carried out in the most humiliating manner. In the Roman Empire for example, people were executed by either being thrown off the â€Å" Tarpeian Rock† an elevated rock so they would fall to their death or were first executed and their bodies hurled to river Tiber so that â€Å"dogs and carrion fowl’ would feed on them. Some of the other crude methods of the earlier civilizations included Burning to death, boiling to death, crucifixion, beheading, disembowelment, dismemberment, and even burial of victims while still alive. Technological advancement has led to the creation of better techniques like electrocution and lethal injection, Johnson, Robert (1998), however some of the penalties like, execution through the firing squad or hanging, are still considered too crude to be acceptable in the 21st century by the opponents of the penalty. Most historical writings reveal that, capital punishment was considered natural and even a necessary form of punishment for a wide range of crimes. From the philosophical and religious perspective, it was viewed as an appropriate or even necessary form of punishment. Historical Religions, as testified by religious books such as the Bible, Koran, gives support to this, though some religions such as Buddhism has always opposed the death penalty. As man continues to progress, his interest on death penalty has continued to decrease. It is no longer considered as an appropriate punishment for a majority of cases. In the United States, as early as 1860, some northern states had abolished the death penalty altogether, though some still imposed it for only two crimes: murder and treason, Banner, Stuart (2002). In the present society, the penalty is only carried out in cases of premeditated treason or murder in most societies while in others as a result of rape, adultery or sodomy. In conservative countries, for example China, it has been seen in cases like human trafficking, and even corruption. Geographically, the penalty is carried out in all European states. In the United States, the penalty is still retained by the federal government as well as 36 of its states. Should the penalty be re-introduced in states and countries in which it has been abolished? This question has been asked over and over again. Most of those who support this form of punishment have presented various arguments. One of the major arguments in support of the death penalty is that of deterrence. Convicted criminals are seen as threats to the society as a whole. Death sentence is therefore necessary if they are to be â€Å"deterred† from committing more crimes. Opponents on the other hand are of the view that the convicts may reform and even make meaningful contributions to the society. They therefore advocate for life imprisonment as opposed to death penalty, Solotaroff, Ivan (2001). Opponents, however see death penalty as being expensive to the state and the tax payer in comparison to life imprisonment. Proponents, on the other hand are of the view that guilty individuals may also be â€Å"let off the hook’ An example is the 1985 case in which a 13year old girl named Karen Patterson was shot dead by a neighbor Joe Atkins who had been released from prison after only 10 years for murdering his step-father, Bigel, Alan I. (1997). â€Å"Justice† as proponents of the penalty calls it and â€Å"vengeance† as the opponents call it, death penalty is seen as the only form of justice for the capital offenders such as violent criminals and murderers. However, arguments against the practice it is also seen as preserving the dignity of the victims of the crimes as they and their family and friends feel that justice has prevailed. Other critics however consider the practice a cruel and an unusual punishment. Due to this criticism, in 2007, the United Nations made a resolution calling for the universal ban of the penalty. According to State of New Jersey. (2007), out of 151 member states who participated in the process, 99 voted in support of the resolution. The form of punishment has also been viewed as a â€Å"cruel and unusual punishment. † Death penalty is seen as cruel since it inflicts injury to the accused both physically and psychologically. They also oppose the policy based on potential application to cases of innocent individuals. These critics see the possibility of conviction of an innocent individual as being enough for the state to abolish the death penalty altogether. The punishment may erroneously be applied to the cases of innocent individuals. One of the other chief arguments against the death penalty is the sanctity of human life. Most religions consider human life holly. As a result, no man is permitted to take the life of another man, Turow, Scott (2003). A study by New Jersey State on the relevance of death penalty to the state laws found that the penalty served no legitimate cause. It also found that the cost of death penalty as greater than the cost of life in prison without parole. On a study it carried out on the spending of the Office of the Public Defender spending on death penalty, it would estimated that elimination of death penalty would save $1. 46 million per year not to mention the time involved in processing these cases, State of New Jersey. (2007). I am of the view that capital punishment should be re-introduced so as to effectively defend human lives against unchecked attacks. That as long as there is an accountable and just legal system which will ensure that no innocent men are victimized, death penalty should be carried out to ensure justice and respect for human life and dignity. How to cite Discursive Essay, Essays

Thursday, April 30, 2020

Is Ethical Behavior and Leadership a Challenge to Law Enforcement Officers

The fact that leadership is an inherent component of better control and regulation of law and order in the public sector is undeniable. Public officers, therefore, should follow all the established norms and take corresponding responsibility for safety of citizens.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is Ethical Behavior and Leadership a Challenge to Law Enforcement Officers? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More More importantly, law enforcement offers should acquire leadership skills to cope with community-based problems in the 21st century. While considering leadership and behavioral patterns established by law enforcement establishment, ethics and moral values are among the most frequently emerged concerns. On the one hand, law enforcement officers relying on morale and ethic fail to obey the main principles of law and order. On the other hand, unethical behavior may generate negative consequences, including racial dis crimination, bribery, unequal enforcement, and corruption. With regard to the above-presented considerations, that ethical behavior and leader constitutes a serious challenge to law enforcement officers unless specific ethical standards of conduct, ethical principles, and correlation between law and morale limits are imposed on them. Ethical concerns emerged in the sphere of public managers are explained by a failure to establish new unconventional approaches to leadership training. In this respect, Burrell (2007) re-conceptualizes the definition of ethical leadership and argues that it should be primarily based on effective decision-making and problem-solution. Specifically, integration of a set of ethical concerns related to legal practices (race equality and gender concerns) is indispensible to create a consistent framework for legal enforcement. Reluctance of law enforcement officer to follow the main principles of ethics and moral can bring in corruption to justice. Specificall y, ethical perspectives of law enforcement are largely connected with the crisis of identity (Brown, 2011). Public officers are often challenged by their obligation to protect the community and serve the community in accordance with the provisions of the U.S. Constitution. These challenges have been significantly intensified by the terrorist attacks happened in September 9, 2001. As a result, many policy officers face a conflicting situation while deciding what interests meet their loyalty. What is most threatening is police organizational culture often â€Å"†¦often sabotages its officers and presents the most significant obstacle to change† (Brown, 2011, p. 675). Though militaristic principles contribute to safety and welfare among the community, it hardly meets the generally accepted standards of ethical leadership and behavior.Advertising Looking for essay on law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More While highlight ing the major frictions between ethical leadership and legal enforcement, specific emphasis should be placed on the analysis of illegal behavior, which is often congruent with unethical issues. In this respect, ignorance of ethical and moral principles will not contribute to adequate regulation within the content of legal system (Seaton, 2010). What is more important is that most illegal and unethical practices come from the higher levels of police hierarchy generating more ethical misconceptions and illegal conduct at the lower levels. In this respect, ethical behavior must be taken in account while considering leadership training programs for law enforcement officers. In conclusion, it should be stated that ethical leadership and behavior can create a number of problems and conflicting situations for law enforcement officers if no transparent and clear ethical codes of conduct are introduced. Crisis of identity and corruption of organizational structure are among the most serious consequences of this problem. In this respect, there should be strict norms and standards that would not allow legal authorities surpass the boundaries of morale and ethics. At the same time, it is a necessary to strike the balance between ethical principles and laws. References Burrell, D. N. (2007). Nontraditional leadership training for public managers. Public Manager, 36(3), 62-66. Web. Brown, C. A.J.D., (2011). Divided loyalties: Ethical challenges for americas law enforcement in post 9/11 america. Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 43(3), 651-675. Web. Seaton, L. J. (2010). The effect of law enforcements socialization process on the whistle-blowing behavior of police officers. Allied Academies International Conference.Academy of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict.Proceedings, 15(2), 33-33. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is Ethical Behavior and Leadership a Challenge to Law Enforcement Officers? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Is Ethical Behavior and Leadership a Challenge to Law Enforcement Officers? was written and submitted by user Knox Carson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.