Renewable Energy An Source Of Stable And Resilient...

There are few criteria that must be met in order for energy to be called â€Å"renewable†, first the sources cannot be finite, second the sources must be carbon neutral, and lastly it must not pollute the environment. Most of the renewable energy either comes directly or indirectly from the sun and the other lone source is from the earth. The example of an indirect source from the sun can be wind, tidal waves, and bioenergy. After being aware of the bounds of the fossil fuel, more countries around the world are investing funds to develop renewable energy technology. A dawn of renewable energy is approaching and there are many countries around the globe like Iceland where more than 90% of the energy is derived from renewable resources. This paper will illustrate the benefit of the renewable energy by discussing its environmental impact, economical influence, and a source of stable/resilient energy provider. One benefit of the usage of renewable energy is the fact that if emits basically no green-house gas during its production. Global warming has been an issue for the past couple decades and the biggest contributor of it is in fact production of electricity via fossil fuel. In USA for example, majority of the electricity is produced by coal and it is responsible for one third of the U.S global warming emission. In contrast to fossil fuel, greenhouse gas emitted by the use of renewable source is very minimal and that is including production, process, maintaining, and retiring ofShow MoreRelatedA Viable Future For The World2145 Words   |  9 Pageshistory and SDGs are the new vogue†(K1abukuru.) 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This brief is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied Published 05/2010 Page 4 Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS Read MoreAnnual Report Rolls-Royce78484 Words   |  314 Pageshighlights 02 Chairman’s statement 04 Chief Executive’s review 08 Our consistent strategy 20 Market outlook 22 Key performance indicators 26 Principal risks and uncertainties 28 Review of operations 28 civil aerospace 30 defence aerospace 32 marine 34 energy 36 engineering and technology 38 operations 40 Services 42 Sustainability 48 Finance Director’s review goVernAnce 56 56 58 58 59 62 63 63 64 67 78 80 81 81 Chairman’s introduction Board of directors The Group Executive The International AdvisoryRead MoreUAE Consumer Lifestyle Analysis42818 Words   |  172 PagesTechnology †¢ Transport †¢ Money The information in this report was gathered from a wide range of sources, starting with national statistics offices. This information was cross-checked for consistency, probability and mathematical accuracy. 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Where Would I Be Without Freedom Free Essays

I walk upon the earth and marvel at the ability to let the grass cushion my wandering feet. What if my feet could not wander What if I were a slave to this rich soil, then where would I be Society may not be controlled, and it may wander aimlessly perhaps, but it wanders on its own course. I walk with society and against it, and I have the freedom to do this. We will write a custom essay sample on Where Would I Be Without Freedom or any similar topic only for you Order Now I would not be able to write such an essay if I didnt have my freedom. It is this freedom that allows me to write an essay differently from other people and is what has taken many others and me as far along in our journey. Freedom is the grass that cushions my step, the softness that allows me to tread anywhere without the fear of persecution. Without this layer of protection I would not want to stray far from what I know. Without protection from the corrupt world, I would remain the same immature child who could not walk far from what I could not see. Light liberates darkness the same as freedom liberates slaves. Darkness is the absence of light just as slavery is merely the absence of freedom. Without the light of this freedom I would be in the shadow of darkness; confined to the barren ignorant lands that light never reaches. Grass ceases to grow and life as I know it would be useless dead. The fire that burns within the soul is fueled by the sun, fueled by the liberation and freedom which allows us to fill ourselves with worldly and unworldly beliefs. There is little faith behind a society who does not have the ability to choose its own unworldly beliefs. Being spoon-fed from birth by my Orthodox Baptist parents, I rode my own spirit into the arms of God and the ways of Christianity. Faith may guide many a man and his heart, but freedom guides the soul. No one knows the truth concerning God, religion, or existence, but the freedom to seek the truth ike I have has made me whole. Without freedom I would still place myself higher than everything else and perceive myself as my own master. This provincial nature that the world commercializes I once held, but it has been freed by the disuniting of my flesh and its influence upon my mind, soul, and heart. Freedom is too immense a concept to comprehend yet too narrow a word to define, but it drives me. Without it I become dark and meek as I look to the cold earth for heavenly answers. Freedom is there for anyone even slaves. The light needs but to be turned on and ignorance can do nothing but flee. How to cite Where Would I Be Without Freedom, Essay examples

Planning of Diabetes Health Programme - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Planning of Diabetes Health Programme. Answer: Introduction The current assignment focuses upon the development of campaign for the management and control of type 2 diabetes within the indigenous Aboriginal community of Adelaide. In this respect, the emphasis has been provided upon the incorporation of healthy food within the diet of the focus group to control and manage the anomaly within the blood glucose level. Statistical figures have pointed at reduced level of nutritious food consumption by the indigenous community at Adelaide. Therefore, evaluation plans have been conducted in order to educate the people living within the community regarding healthy eating and its health benefits. Outline of Evaluation plan The proposed evaluation would be undertaken by the local and community health centre workers looking after the health and welfare of the Australian Aboriginal community living within the region of Adelaide. For the purpose of evaluation a number of resources would be required such as availability of sufficient amount of funds along with additional personnel for implementing and assessment of the objectives. The funds will be provided by both state and federal government agencies. In order to promote the intake of more amounts of fresh fruits and vegetables within the aboriginal diabetic community they should have free access to the food resources (OHara et al., 2017). This calls for additional amount to be vested by the government to increase the supply of food resources. In this respect, additional pressure is levied upon the limited resources for the production of surplus food crops. However, there is restricted land availability of land delimiting the amount of harvest to be generated. This demand for the implementation of better methods and technologies which could address the problem of food scarcity within the indigenous population. The methods which had been implemented here for the evaluation of the health objective are conducting regular health checkups, health assessment tests of the aboriginal people consulting the local diabetic community centre. Some of the alternative methods which will be implemented over here are promotion of healthy eating and healthy diet within the target population group. Alongside, alternative health promotion strategies such as implementing exercises on a daily basis can control the elevated amount of blood glucose level (Sushames, Uffelen Gebel, 2016). The involvement of the stakeholders within the health evaluation program plays a crucial role. The stakeholders here comprises of the healthcare users, the hospices /community centres providing the healthcare services and the concerned authorities, the healthcare providers. Therefore, one of the most pronounced challenges which will be faced over here in the implementation of the healthcare objectives is the lack of sufficient knowledge within the health service users regarding the benefits of the new methods or changes implemented. Therefore, receiving sufficient participation of the healthcare users in the implementation and success of the health campaigns is very important (Wright, Wahoush, Ballantyne, Gabel Jack, 2016). For the purpose of which education programs related to type 2 diabetes and additional control methods could be provided to the target population group. In this respect, a number of protocols could be followed for spreading mass awareness within the community rega rding the health promotion programmes. Some of these are effective poster presentation programs highlighting the importance of fresh fruits and vegetables and the effect of the same in improving the health of people. A number of challenges were faced in conducting the evaluation of the health programs and objectives. Some of these were cultural differences were the Australian aboriginal community belonging to the indigenous group possess different cultural paradoxes or beliefs. The backward and downtrodden conditions of the indigenous people have often subjected them to illegal health habits and behaviour (Mendham, Duffield, Marino Coutts, 2015). Some of these are addiction to illegal substances such as drugs resulting in the propagation of bad health culture within the community putting the entire community at risk. Additionally, the language or dialects used by the Australian aboriginal group of people are different (Wright et al., 2016). This often results in communication problem within the healthcare workers and the Australian aboriginal community. Therefore, amidst the cultural differences and language problems, propagating the objectives of health promotion programs are difficult. Dissemination of evaluation plan to group of stakeholders The findings of the health promotion programs will be disseminated within the target group through the usage of a number of strategies such as posters and PowerPoint presentations. These tools could be made interesting with the use of pictures and colours so that they attract the focus group. The results obtained through the implemented strategies could be used for educating the focus group regarding the health benefits of the incorporation of fresh fruits and vegetables in controlling the glucose level within the body of an individual. The posters and the video presentations should be full of graphics, focussing upon the importance of healthy eating and its role in monitoring the blood glucose level. It is important to differentiate the diet as per the age, gender and metabolic conditions of an individual ("City of West Torrens - Home", Management 2017). Here, care should be taken to promote the intake of diet which is low in fat and calories but rich in vitamin. The diabetics have high risk of stroke, therefore the intake of fruits and vegetables rich in antioxidants can check the build up of bad cholesterols within the body and check such conditions (Mendham et al., 2015). In this respect, well researched posters and PowerPoint presentations elucidating the causes and the effects of the present health concern among the target population group could be highlighted. The reports and statistics have shown that though the rest of the diseases have shown a gradual decline. However, the rate of diabetes mellitus has been considerably higher both within the Adelaide as well as the greater Australia. Further studies have depicted that almost 40% population in western Adelaide have recommended levels of physical activity, whereas the majority lead a sedentary lifestyle ("City of West Torrens - Home", 2017). This results in the increase in th e amount of body fats and cholesterol level increasing the chances of long term ailments such as type 2 diabetes or diabetes mellitus. As commented by Blatchford, Morey McConigley (2015), inappropriate food consumption have also contributed towards the development of unhealthy lifestyle and concurrent health problems. Thus, increasing the intake of kilojoules, saturated salt and fat along with less fruit and vegetable intake have also contributed in the rise in the occurrences of such issues (Schembri et al., 2016). Recent surveys have suggested that the Australians settled in the west Adelaide region have not been meeting the recommended levels of fresh fruits and vegetables. There are a number of benefits of the implementation of the health promotion programs through survey and campaign analysis. The surveys conducted in this regard along with the cohort studies highlights the difference in statistics within the community centres that had undergone strict control measures and the ones without any intervention methods. The results and the statistics help in understanding the importance of some of the intervention methods and their contribution in improving the community health. It was found that a 21% decline in the patient administrations within the local community centres was lower after the propagation of the health objectives on a wider scale. In addition, the community program was undertaken for the Australian aboriginal community living within the Adelaide region. The language and cultures of these people are different from the normal South Australia residents. The language difference resulted in loopholes and gaps in understanding the messages conveyed by the indigenous group or people. Therefore, the poster presentations and educational videos would help in communicating with them effectively regarding the various methods of health promotion and their plausible benefits. The video presentations could be used to inform regarding the statistics of the health problem effectively to the stakeholders. Therefore, sufficient information needs to be passed on to the stakeholders for understanding the depth of the problem and dealing with the situation effectively. In this respect, care needs to be taken that no cultural or religious sentiment of the aboriginal community is hurt ("City of West Torrens - Home", 2017). The aboriginals have been found to be possessing string connection with their roots and culture. Therefore, during the promotion of healthy eating they should not be forced to accept situations and conditions which may go against their spiritual and cultural interest. Conclusion Some of the problems which have been highlighted in the context of the Australian aboriginal community are lack of regular access to safe and nutritionally adequate food. Additionally, substance misuse seems to be some of the other issues prevalent within the specified indigenous group. Therefore, the education measures and programs implemented over here could help in the delivery of new programs focussing upon youth and community health at a large. References City of West Torrens - Home. (2017). Westtorrens.sa.gov.au. Retrieved 1 December 2017, from https://www.westtorrens.sa.gov.au/Home City of West Torrens - Search. (2017). Westtorrens.sa.gov.au. Retrieved 1 December 2017, from https://www.westtorrens.sa.gov.au/Home/Search?dlv_DLV+Search=(keyword=diabets+management) Blatchford, L., Morey, P., McConigley, R. (2015). Identifying type 2 diabetes risk classification systems and recommendations for review of podiatric care in an Australian Aboriginal health clinic.Journal of foot and ankle research,8(1), 34. City of West Torrens - Search. (2017). Westtorrens.sa.gov.au. Retrieved 1 December 2017, from https://www.westtorrens.sa.gov.au/Home/Search?dlv_DLV+Search=(keyword=diabets+management) Mendham, A. E., Duffield, R., Marino, F., Coutts, A. J. (2015). A 12-week sports-based exercise programme for inactive Indigenous Australian men improved clinical risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Journal of science and medicine in sport,18(4), 438-443. OHara, B. J., McGill, B., Rissel, C., Banovic, D., Quinn, E., Maxwell, M., ... Winch, S. (2017). Enhancing the get healthy information and coaching service for Aboriginal adults: evaluation of the process and impact of the program.International Journal for Equity in Health,16(1), 168. Sushames, A., Uffelen, J. G., Gebel, K. (2016). Do physical activity interventions in Indigenous people in Australia and New Zealand improve activity levels and health outcomes? A systematic review.International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity,13(1), 129. Vasant, B. R., Matthews, V., Burgess, C. P., Connors, C. M., Bailie, R. S. (2016). Wide Variation in absolute cardiovascular risk assessment in aboriginal and Torres strait islander People with Type 2 Diabetes.Frontiers in public health,4. Wright, A. L., Wahoush, O., Ballantyne, M., Gabel, C., Jack, S. M. (2016). Qualitative Health Research Involving Indigenous Peoples: Culturally Appropriate Data Collection Methods.The Qualitative Report,21(12), 2230.

Rene Descartes was born into a well-educated upper Essays

Rene Descartes was born into a well-educated upper class family on March 31,1956 in the French village of La Haye en Touraine. The village is now called Descartes, Indre-et-Loire in his honor. Rene's father was Joachim Descartes, a lawyer at Britanny's Court of Justice. His mother was Jeanne Brochard, daughter of the Lieutenant General of Poitiers. During school Rene spent seven or eight years at La Fleche learning logic, theology, philosophy, Latin and Greek. In his final two years, he also learned mathematics and physics. The physics was that of Aristotle- almost entirely wrong. On November,10 1619 Descartes was dozing in a warm, stove-heated room in the German town of Neuburg an der Donau. There he had a series of dreams that would ultimately change the way scientists work. He believed a spirit sent by God had had given him new ideas about the Scientific Method, Analytical Geometry, and Philosophy. 18 years later, in 1637 he published his ideas in Discussion of the Method, Geometry, Meteorology, and Optics. The first two of the these works contain his most significant contributions. In Discussion of the Method Descartes shared his framework for doing science. Descartes made the revolutionary discovery that he could solve problems in geometry by converting them into problems in algebra. In geometry, Descartes showed how he could find tangents to curves. This process is a vital part of differential calculus. Descartes is regarded as one of the greatest philosophers of all time. Here we are concerned with science rather than philosophy, so we will restrict ourselves to noting his most famous declaration "I think therefore I am." In 1649 Descartes was invited to Stockholm by Queen Christina of Sweden. She wanted him to set up a new academy of science. Rene Descartes died, aged 53, of pneumonia in Stockholm on February, 11 1650. He was buried at the Adolf Fredriks Church in Stockholm. In death, as in life, Descartes was mobile. 16 years after his first burial his remains were moved and buried in the Saint-Etienne-du-Mont church in Paris,France. In 1819 his remains minus skull and finger were moved to the Abbey of Saint-German-des-Pres in Paris, where he now rests. In 1663, despite his efforts to avoid such a fate - he regarded himself as a devout Catholic - a number of Descartes works joined Galileo's on the index of books prohibited by the catholic church. Over 300 years later, in 1966, this index was finally discontinued.

Whats a Good SAT Score for Your College

What's a Good SAT Score for Your College SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You’ve thought about your dream colleges and are wondering what SAT score will get you accepted. While there is not one number that will guarantee you a spot in the freshmen class, there is a range that will give you the best chance of admission. What is it? I'll answer that and more in this article. Colleges’ SAT Score Range and What They Mean for You To figure out what score you should aim for, you should look at colleges’ SAT score range.The score range represents the scores that admitted students received.Typically, colleges provide you with scores from the most recent applicant pool. The Score Range will be given to you in one of two ways: 25th/75th percentile or average SAT.The 25th percentile SAT score means 25% of admitted freshmen scored at or below that number (or 75% of admits scored higher).The 75th percentile SAT score means 75% of admitted students scored at or below that number (or 25% of admits scored higher).The average SAT is simply the average of all admitted students’ SAT scores. The score ranges will help you understand what kind of score you need to be a competitive applicant to that university, since after looking at it, you'll know what SAT scores admitted students received.Before figuring out exactly what score you should aim for, you need to figure out what schools you hope to attend. Make a List of Target Schools If you haven't done so already, create a list of your dream colleges. This list should not include your safety schools.A safety school is a college that you're almost certain you can get into with the SAT score and GPA you have now. This list should include the more selective colleges that you hope to attend. You should exclude the safety schools because you want to plan your target SAT score for the schools with the highest admissions standards. If you meet or exceed the admissions standards for the more selective schools, you will almost certainly be admitted to your safety schools.Once you think you've identified those more selective colleges, draw a table with 3 columns with the following titles: School Name 25th Percentile or Average SAT 75th Percentile / Target Score Fill in your target schools under school name as I did below: School Name 25th Percentile or Average SAT 75th Percentile / Target Score UC Berkeley Yale University Under the 25th percentile or average SAT, you'll put either the 25th percentile or average SAT score for that school. As I said before, schools will only provide you with one or the other; whichever they give you, writethat number in the middle column. Under 75th percentile / target score, you put the school’s 75th percentile score (if they provide it). For schools that only give average SAT, you'll be calculating a unique target score. I'll explain how to calculate it later on in the article. How to Find the SAT Score Ranges Now that you have your list finding those schools’ SAT score ranges is very easy. Simply search â€Å"[College Name] average SAT† or â€Å"[College Name] SAT 25th/75th percentile† in Google.That will most likely lead you to what is known as the Freshman Admit Profile for your target school. If you are unable to find a Freshman Admit Profile for your school of choice, check out our database of college admission requirements. There you'll find the admissions criteria for almost every college in the country. Use the Command + F function on your keyboard to search for your target school. Here is a screenshot from Yale’s admission site: Yale provided the 25th/75th percentile SAT score for their admits on their admissions website.To figure out the 25th percentile composite SAT score if you took the SAT or are taking it this fall, simply add the 3 lower numbers together (which each separately represent the 25th percentile SAT score for the section): 710 + 710 + 720 = 2140 To approximate the 25th percentile composite SAT score if you are taking the new SAT in spring 2016 (which is out of 1600), you need to first average the Verbal and Writing sections (since on the new SAT they are combined into one section out of 800): (710 + 720) / 2 = 715 And then add that number to the 25th percentile SAT score for Math: 715 + 710 = 1425, rounds to 1430 (the SAT is scored in units of 10) Do the same math with the higher numbers (75th percentile score) to figure out the composite 75th percentile SAT score. NOTE: some schools may call it the middle 50% scores, but the 2 numbers they provide are the 25th and 75th percentile scores. Some schools call it the middle 50% since the scores between the 25th and 75th percentile represent the middle 50% of SAT scores of admitted freshmen. Add this new information that you found (the 25th percentile composite SAT score) to your chart. (NOTE: I have completed this for a student taking the new SAT in Spring 2016 forward): School Name 25th Percentile or Average SAT 75th Percentile / Target Score UC Berkeley Yale University 1430 1590 While some schools provide you with the 25th/75th percentile, other schools will provide you with only one number, the average SAT score for admitted freshmen (which UC Berkeley’s does in their Freshman Admit Profile below): As I said before, this is simply the average of all of the SAT scores for admitted freshmen. Since it is an average, you can't know exactly how many students scored above and below it, but presumably about 50% scored above and 50% scored below. If you took or are taking the SAT this fall, use the Math, Critical Reading, and Writing scores. Simply add them together to figure out the average composite SAT score. 686 + 710 + 698 = 2094, rounds to 2090 (as I noted before, the SAT is scored in units of 10) If you are taking the SAT in spring 2016 or later, use the Math score as is and then average the Critical Reading and Writing scores together (since on the new SAT they are combined into one section out of 800): (686 + 698) / 2 = 692 710 + 692 = 1402, rounds to 1400 Knowing this information, we'll writeit in the column for 25th Percentile or Average SAT, leave the 75th Percentile / Target Score blank for now for colleges that only provide Average SAT. I will explain what to fill in later on: School Name 25th Percentile or Average SAT 75th Percentile / Target Score UC Berkeley 1400 Yale University 1430 1590 How to Calculate Target Score For schools that provide the 75th percentile, you should aim for a score at or above the 75th percentile. (That is why I had you list the 75th percentile in the same column as target score. The 75th percentile is your target score!) For those schools that just give you an average composite SAT (such as UC Berkeley), I would aim for a score 100 points above that score for the new SAT. For the old SAT, you will need to aim even higher (about 150 points above the average) since there are 3 sections instead of 2. For the best shot of admission to UC Berkeley if you are taking the new SAT in 2016, I would aim for 1500 out of 1600. If you took or are taking the current SAT, I would aim for 2240. You should fill in that number (the average SAT plus 100 points for the new SAT or the average SAT plus 150 points for the old SAT) to your chart under 75th percentile / Target score: School Name 25th Percentile or Average SAT 75th Percentile / Target Score UC Berkeley 1400 1500 Yale University 1430 1590 You may ask why you can’t aim for a lower score, closer to the 25th percentile or the average score. After all, a lot ofstudents are accepted with those scores. In writing this article, I'm assuming that you are a typical applicant and not a special applicant.Special applicants such as athletes, legacies, child of significant donors, or a unique talent (such as world-class opera singers or famous actors) are typically admitted with lower scores (25th percentile score). If you are not in that category, you'll want a higher SAT score to havethe best chance of being accepted.The higher your score, the better your chance of admission.Check out Brown University’s breakdown of admission below: If you look at the highest score (800), 22.8% of applicants who scored an 800 in Critical Reading were accepted to Brown, which is significantly higher than the overall Brown admissions rate 8.7%. You can see that as your score begins to decline (you get between 750 and 790 in Critical Reading) your chances of being accepted drop by 5.7% from 22.8% to 15.1%.The same principle holds true across all sections and the composite (which they did not provide data on). The lesson to take away from this data is the higher your score, the better your chance of being accepted.As you see from my chart above, the two â€Å"Target Scores† vary by 90points, so which should you aim for?Aim for the highest target score on your list. If you reach the highest target score, you'll have the best chance of admission at all of the universities on your list. If you got a 1590 and applied to Yale and UC Berkeley, you would have a great chance of being accepted to both.However, if you got a 1500 and applied to Yale, you would now fall short of the 75th percentile score and be in the middle 50% of admits scores. You still could be admitted, but your chances are not quite as good. How to Plan Your Prep Plan your SAT prep to meet that goal.If you already took the SAT once, or you took a practice SAT and your initial score is far from your score goal, consider taking an SAT class, hiring an SAT tutor, or using an online SAT program such as PrepScholar. Here at PrepScholar, we do the heavy-lifting for you by figuring out your strengths and weaknesses. We personalize your SAT practice to your needs. For more information about our program, read How to Ensure Online Tutoring from PrepScholarTutors is Right for You? If you cannot afford one of these options and/or want to try studying on your own, use one of our study plan guides to help you plan your SAT preparation schedule: 5 Step SAT/ACT Test Dates Study Plan for Summer before Senior Year SAT/ACT Test Dates Study Plan for Sophomores and Juniors SAT / ACT Study Guide: Schedule and Plan for One Year or More Remember, your goal is achievable if you dedicate the appropriate amount of time and effort. What’s next? Learn more about applying to college and preparing for the SAT: High GPA but Low SAT Score: What Do You Do? How to Beat Procrastination In Your ACT/SAT Prep How to Write About Extracurriculars On College Applications SAT Rules and Regulations: Don't Make a Mistake Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Your 2018 guide to asking for a promotionÂÂ

Your 2018 guide to asking for a promotion   New year†¦new job title? Many of us look upon a new year as a time for new opportunities, from setting and achieving new personal goals to exploring new passions and hobbies and reaching new professional milestones- including moving up the career ladder. Most of us have an ultimate professional goal that we one day wish to fully achieve, and many of us have plotted out a series of steps on our career ladder that will hopefully get us there. With the ushering in of a new year, we often hope that we’ll be able to take a bold step forward toward our goal- which means getting a promotion at work.Of course, in a perfect world, we’d never have to actually ask for a promotion- our bosses would simply recognize our undeniable talents and contributions over and over, resulting in a series of promotions. But for most of us, this is more of a pleasant dream than a tangible reality, and waiting for this to happen is like waiting for a sack of money to drop out of the sky and i nto your lap- not the most efficient use of your productive work years.The truth is, most of us who want a promotion are going to have to ask for one, which can be among the most stressful, anxiety-inducing, and nerve-wracking experiences we subject ourselves to. Asking for a promotion is no simple task, especially if you’re relatively new to your company or industry and may still be proving yourself. According to a recent article published by Forbes, â€Å"Asking for a promotion can be one of the most stressful experiences in your career- especially in today’s uncertain economy. Why?  Because you know you’re putting yourself at some level of risk†¦It should be no surprise that, in comparison to only a few decades ago, today’s average employee has larger workloads- and more (and better) competition to contend with. Add to this the highly evolved social and political networks one needs to master, and you have one tough road to travel†¦to move from employment offer to promotion without a single misstep is unlikely, and mistakes happen often enough.†Yes, the mere thought of asking for a promotion may send you into a panic and have you reconsidering the entire idea, but fear not! In the professional world fortune often favors the bold, and if you attack the â€Å"promotion situation† smartly and with a solid game plan, you can really increase your chances that things will go your way when you pop the big question!Use the following strategies to help you stack the deck in your favor, and to avoid the biggest mistakes most people make when gearing up to asking for a promotion.Read the signs.The first crucial step to determining if now is a good time to ask for a promotion or if you’re better off waiting is to â€Å"take the temperature† of the company. Was 2017 a good year, or were there lots of struggles and challenges? Did your company meet or exceed its annual goals, or did it fall short? Have th ere been a great deal of layoffs or employee turnover recently, or do things feel relatively stable. Or better yet, are signs of growth and new innovation in the air? It isn’t difficult to envision which of these scenarios are more conducive to asking for a promotion, so try to figure out if now is the right time for you to make the big ask.Also, be sure to take your own workplace temperature. Was 2017 a â€Å"hot† or â€Å"cold† year for you as an employee? Did you achieve or surpass your goals? Many of us have clearly defined performance metrics, which are often reviewed regularly with our bosses (often annually), so determining if 2017 was a good year for you shouldn’t be too difficult. If you had a banner year in 2017, then perhaps now is the perfect time to go after that promotion. If you struggled a bit over the year, perhaps it’s wiser to wait a few months and really work hard to establish yourself as a valuable employee before taking the pl unge.Build a good case.In many instances, asking for a promotion is like interviewing for a new job, and you’ll likely have to â€Å"make a case† for yourself- not just for why you deserve a promotion, but also, and perhaps more importantly, for how your company will benefit from promoting you. This is your opportunity to resell yourself to your company- this time in a new role with greater responsibility.So, approach the situation like you did when you first interviewed with the company. Convince them that you’re the perfect person for this new position and that your background, experience, and skill set are the perfect mix to handle the job effectively. You want them to think that promoting you will ultimately benefit the company’s bottom line.Choose your moment.Pop quiz: Do you think your chances for getting a promotion will be better when you ask your boss after a particularly tense and stressful morning or in the middle of a terrible workplace crisis , or when your boss is in a good mood, relaxed, and hopefully open to new ideas? Not the most difficult quiz, right? Well, you’d be surprised by how many unfortunate employees, who are so nervous and desperate to get the promotion question over with, just blindly jump in and ask their bosses for a promotion without determining if the timing is right. Not a good move. Don’t make this easily avoidable mistake.Mind the details.Perhaps just as important as the things you’ll say when asking for a promotion are the supporting details- the tone you use, the outfit you decide to wear when you ask, and your body language and facial expressions. You’ve already successfully interviewed with the company before, so you have a good idea of what works and what doesn’t. The key here is to take this opportunity seriously and to bring your â€Å"A game† when you do decide the time is right to ask for a promotion. Dress well, use a confident and positive tone, and make sure your body language reflects your best possible self.If it goes your way†¦If the stars align, things go your way, and fate looks favorably on you, then congratulations! Graciously and humbly accept your promotion and new role and be sure to use this as an opportunity to prove to your bosses that they made the right call- don’t forget, at some point in the future you might be facing the promotion question once again, and you want to make sure that you have a solid case for why it’s once again well deserved.If it doesn’t go your way†¦Putting yourself out there by asking for a promotion and meeting rejection can be incredibly difficult. If you don’t get the promotion you were looking for, you may leave the meeting with a wide range of conflicting emotions. The key here is to not do anything rash. Instead, listen carefully to the reasoning you were given for the decision. Was it based on something completely out of your control, or did it include things that you can work on? Were you given a timeline to make improvements and revisit the promotion question?Take the information you were given during the discussion, consider it carefully, and weigh your options for moving forward. The key here is to not consider this the final step on your career ladder- you’ll have many more professional opportunities in the future!Asking for a promotion can be a stressful experience- but it doesn’t have to be! Use the strategies provided here to ensure that when the time is right and you decide to ask for a promotion that you’re putting your best foot forward and setting yourself up for success.

Investigate the available technologies and benefits of Environmentally Research Paper

Investigate the available technologies and benefits of Environmentally Friendly Offices - Research Paper Example Facing this dilemma we have to find a green source of energy that can help to reduce the usage of the gas turbines without affecting the operations of the factories (Pacific Controls, 2013). UAE being highly populated and with the emergence of a large number of businesses, the region is looking seriously towards alternate energy plans. Industries, factories and offices all are heading up with efficient ways of acquiring and producing electricity. The trend is towards alternate energy systems because of the rising prices of oil and petroleum constraining businesses to adapt the alternate plans of energy production (Pacific Controls, 2013). UAE upholds outstanding trend in alternate energy production and acquisition. The high rise building systems, the factories, the inventory lots and the massively spread production houses all are allocating alternate energy systems. The trend is actually inviting international allocators to bring direct energy solutions. To make power a green resourc e for businesses, with high efficiency and productivity the allocators are working on the alternate energy systems to come out responsive to the current market trend (Bachellerie, 2012). ... Aim To study the Viewed technology that can provide a green source of energy and investigate the feasibility of applying the Green offices that operate with a source of energy that is environmental friendly. Objectives To analyze the trend of the UAE market in construction of the environmental friendly offices applying the concepts of alternate energy. To identify the Viewed and the possible alternate energy solutions for green office construction. To identify the most feasible and economic energy solution for green office construction Research Methodology In order to find more information a research of the latest technology will be conducted to find the most effective and suitable ways of turning the offices to be environmental friendly. There are many organizations and companies specialized in providing green solutions, which can be contacted to provide advices and help to implement their ideas. Taking the suggestions of the specialists can hand out to the most effective energy sol ution. This is the initial phase of the research in which understanding of the UAE market with respect to environmental friendly office will be made. Offices, which are on allocating alternate or renewable energy plans, will be brought to assessment. The analysis of the market will identify the possible alternate energy solutions, out of which the best solution with respect to green offices will be proposed and recommended. On further, will explicate the experiences of the companies and organizations have implemented similar projects. Their experience can give a clear idea of how to install and what are the problems that can appear while and after finishing the

The Rise of the Tablet PC in the U.S. Market Essay

The Rise of the Tablet PC in the U.S. Market - Essay Example carriers like AT&T Inc., Verizon Wireless, Sprint Nextel Corp. and T-Mobile USA (Kharif). The United States tablet PC market is in a growth succession and has became very trendy and a great competitor for computer companies, and by 2015, tablet users are anticipated to develop from an expected 26 to 82.1 million. The market is presently dominated by Apple Inc., yet they will shortly have a new contestant challenging them to come down off their thrown thanks to China’s second-largest manufacturer of mobile-phone gear, ZTE Corporation, publicized its plan to uncover an Android tablet in the U.S. before the end of 2011. Apple’s tablet, the Ipad 2 achieved a market share of 75% in September 2011, leaving only a 25% market share for its rivals. Android based tablets, like the notorious Ipad, will soon be eligible for purchase for a surprising $499 which will get the attention of a lot of tablet lovers, yet there is other competition and brands to consider when this new Android gadget launches because the tablet can be found at Dell, Hewlett Packard, Gateway, Ace r, and other well-known computer and electronic distributors, so a really competitive attitude and business strategy will have to be in place for Apple to stay at the top of the list of the world’s preferred company to buy tablet computers and other Apple made products and services. Despite ZTE’s current success and future plans, one of the greatest aspects about Apple Inc. is that they really strive hard to satisfy their customers because they are not only a leader in making fine PC equipment, yet they provide exceptional 24 hour customer service, have many different certifications and employment opportunities all over the world for anyone interested in becoming employed at their company, and their corporations are in place throughout the globe along with millions of products sold at national and international stores. However, ZTE, based out of Shenzhen, feels that they will rise to the

ICT in Logistics Management Essay Example for Free

ICT in Logistics Management Essay Surviving in the competitive nature of the modern-day business environment calls for organizations to be creative and robust enough in securing competitive advantages. For this to be achieved, all aspects within an organization ought to upgraded to counter these challenges while at the same time reducing running costs and delivery time. Logistics management is not an exception to this. Fortunately, technological advancement offers wide range opportunities for firms to improve the functioning of logistical operations. This is because it has become vital for any firm in logistics management to review the working of its logistical processes as key strategy to create a competitive edge. Developments in the business world as well as the rapidly evolving customer preferences has made provision of services and goods a challenging task, since customers prefer to receive better quality products at an even shorter time. While it is still a recent development, Information Communication Technology (ICT) has a lot to offer the logistics industry. The most compelling truth is that ICT is not industry specific but rather is applicable to all types and all sizes of industries. Statistical data shows that a number of firms have already adopted the technology and are already reaping the benefits (Bourlakis Bourlakis, 2006). Application of the internet, computers and information communication systems into various aspects of logistics management such as procurement, warehousing, transportation and inventory management has been shown to be highly beneficial. As business operations change with the changing consumer markets, businesses are pursuing opportunities by integrating, coordinating, collaborating and cooperating with respect to the supply chain management. It is essential that businesses work together to benefit from collective advantages resulting from working as a chain rather than a single entity. This calls for effective information sharing and this is only capable with the application of ICT. However, the most challenging task for firms then is to identify the best ICT model that fits their logistical processes.

Abortion Essay -- essays research papers

Abortion is defined as the termination of a pregnancy before the fetus is capable of independent life. Abortions must be conducted before the end of six months or the fetus will leave the womb and it would be considered premature birth. If the fetus weighs less than 18 ounces or is less than 20 weeks into pregnancy, it is usually considered an abortion. There are two types of abortions. One is spontaneous and the other is induced. Spontaneous abortions are known y another name, miscarriages. The second form of abortion is an induced abortion. This is the deliberate termination of the fetus.Many have pondered upon the meaning of abortion. The argument because every child born should be wanted, and others who believe that every child conceived should be born. This has been a controversial topic for years. Many people want to be able to decide the destiny of others. Everyone in the United States is covered under the United States Constitution, and under the 14th Amendment, women have been given the choice of abortion. Roe vs. Wade legalized abortion. Although these people have been given the right, the case is not closed. Pro-life activists carry a strong argument, and continue to push their beliefs. They feel intensely strong about these beliefs that violence has broken out in some known instances. Pro-choice activists; on the other hand, also carry very strong points. They believe that the child inside the mother is her property and its life does not begin until birth. Although many believe that abortion is a woman's choice, abortion should be banned because it is immoral and life begins at conception.Abortion is the choice of a woman in whether or not she wants to receive one. The right to choose to have an abortion is personal and essential to a woman's life. The state can not interfere in the private lives of a citizen. With the right to choose abortion, women are able to enjoy, like men, the rights to fully use the powers of their minds and bodies. A man can withdraw from a relationship as soon as he finds out about pregnancy. There is no question of his involvement after that; he has made his choice. It is only fair to say that women should be given the same choice. If one does not want to hold the responsibilities of a child then she should be able to have the choice of abortion in her options. Because contraceptives fail, and because they are ... ...e if they were not conceived.In summary, a woman's right to choose can justify abortion, but it should be banned because it is immoral and life begins at conception. Women have been given the right to have an abortion under the United States Constitution, but the people that fight for the unborn child's rights are still protesting this right. Pro-life activists claim that it is immoral because it is simply defined as murder. Life begins a conception is another strong point brought up by pro-life activists. Before a child is born it is given all its necessities to survive. Notice the operative word is before. Before birth, the child's heart beats, the gastric juices flow in the stomach, and all its necessary organs have been made present. This child thinks, dreams, and feels pain. Yes, some women may look at having an abortion to solve her problems, but in all, women are abandoning the abortion because it weakens their great strengths: creation, compassion, and the ability to look beneath the surface of the appearance of things. Maybe soon the abortion issue will reverse, and people will see the rights of the unborn as greater importance than that of a personal right or choice.

Internet Banking Fraud †Clive Peeters Case

One of the most common forms of employee fraud that we have been seeing for quite some time involves access to internet banking. Businesses often have two signatories for company cheques but allow full single user access to their internet banking. The result is an accident waiting to happen. An internet banking fraud of $20 million was reported today in the Sydney Morning Herald involved the payroll manager of listed white goods retailer, Clive Peeters. Full story : http://business. smh. com. au/business/employee-admits-stealing-20m-20090811-eh02. tml In that case, the payroll manager invested in proceeds of her fraud in real estate and cars, so the company is hoping to recover some or all of their monies. However in most cases that we have seen, the money is spent or gambled and their is very little or nothing to recover. Other similarities to the cases that we have seen: †¢the amount of the fraud is always larger than expected. The estimates of the Clive Peeters fraud went fro m $2 million to $7 million to $20 million. †¢the fraud was conducted over a longer period than expected. The current estimate is that the fraud was operating for 18 months. It is vitally important where a business is using internet banking that a two signatory approval for any payments or transfers is put in place. The standard internet banking software provided by the banks is inadequate for business use because it lacks the necessary internal controls. Speak to your bank about obtaining the higher security, multiple signatory version of internet banking. Unfortunately, in our experience, it is not easy to obtain and you have to speak to many people in the bank before you get someone you knows anything about it.

Crime and Punishment Essay

People will sometimes go to greater extents just because they believe it’s for the better of the people. Mankind may sometimes reside to murdering a person in belief that it will benefit the society because that person is worthless and just takes up space. In Fedor Dosteovsky’s Crime and Punishment, the character Raskolinikov decides to commit a murder or in his eyes, rid society of a worthless person. Sometimes poverty will make a man tip over the edge. It will cause a man to commit a homicide because in their mind they see that person worthless to society. In Doestoevsky’s Crime and Punishment, poverty helps setup the theme of nihilism. â€Å"Life is in ourselves and not in the external,† writes Fyodor Dostoevsky in a letter to his brother dated December 22, 1849. â€Å"To be a human being among human beings, and remain one forever, no matter what misfortunes befall, not to become depressed, and not to falter—this is what life is, herein lies its task.† This passage was written immediately after Dostoevsky underwent the traumatic experience that Tsar Nicholas I ordered for sever prisoners condemned to death for supporting the expression of free thought within the Russian state, a mock execution in Semyonovsky Square, a staged performance so terrifyingly real that it induced insanity within one of the author’s fellow prisoners. The quote is evidence of Dostoevsky’s strength of character; his would be a difficult life living in poverty, he would helplessly watch as many of the people closest to him died from the ailments of the poor. It also exposes the significant flaw common to som e of his characters and tragic heroes through despair, and weakness before the weight of misfortune, they falter, and commit barbaric acts that render them unfit to operate within the context of humanity. This is the case with both Baklushkin and Shishkov from The Hous of the Dead, as well as with Raskolnikov in Crime and Punishment. Fyodor Dostoevksy was born on October 30, 1821 in Moscow, Russia. He was born into a strict way of life. He lived much of his childhood distanced from his frail mother and officious father. In these formative years, he formed a close bond with his elder brother Mikhail. He was sent to school at an early age, during his years in school Dostoevsky was lonesome, but those lonesome years in school afforded him a release from his father’s stern household. In his solitude he found an interest in Literature and spent most of his time reading. As a young man, Dostoevsky’s father was brutally murdered by his serfs. Though he rarely mentioned his father’s death, the theme of parricide provided the central focus of perhaps his greatest work, The Brothers Karamazov. At his father’s instance, Dostoevsky attended engineering school, but upon graduation he chose to pursue a literary career. His first published work, Eugenie Grandel, was published in a St. Petersburg journal in 1844. Dostoevsky completed his first novel, Poor Folk, in 1845. A naturalistic tale with a clear social message, the novel was acclaimed by the foremost literary critic of the day, Vissarion Belinsky, who stated, â€Å"A new Gogol is born!† the work brought Dostoevsky success and adulation that he was ill-equipped to handle. Dostoevsky became a member of Belinsky’s literary circle, but when Belinsky reacted coldly to Dostoevsky’s subsequent work, a breach developed between them. In 1848, Dostoevsky joined a political group of young intellectuals led by Mikhail Petrashevsky. The reactionary climate of Russia at the time was not receptive to a group which published illegal literature and discussed utopian socialism, and in 1849 the members were arrested and charged with subversion. Dostoevsky, whom the authorities considered the most important member, was imprisoned and sentenced to death. In a scene that was to haunt him all of his life, Dostoevsky and his friends faced a firing squad, but were reprieved when a messenger arrived with the announcement that their sentences had been commuted to four years of hard labor in Siberia and four years of army service. His harrowing near-execution and terrible years of imprisonment made an undeniable impression on his life, converting him to a long life of intense spiritual lifestyle. His prison experiences, as well as his life after prison among the urban poor of Russia, would provide a vivid backdrop for much of his later work. Released from his imprisonment and service by 1858, he began a fourteen-year period of furious writing, in which he published many significant texts. Among these were: The House of the Dead, Notes From The Underground, Crime and Punishment, The Idiot, and Devils. In 1859 Dostoevsky returned to St. Petersburg were he contributed articles expressing his belief that Russia should develop a social and polit ical system based on the values drawn from the Russian people. He then described his life as a prisoner in the book The House of the Dead, a novel reflecting both an insight into a criminal mind and an understanding of the Russian lower class. His intense study of the New Testament, the only book prisoners were allowed to read, provided a major influence on his later work as he became convinced that redemption was only possible though suffering and faith. In 1862, Dostoevsky and his brother Mikhail created a magazine called The Time, which was later banned in 1863. Due to the Dostoevsky and Mikhail created another magazine called Epoch, which in 1864 published the complex novel Notes From Underground, generally considered the preface to Dostoevsky’s greater novels. In that same year, 1864, both Dostoevsky’s wife and beloved brother died, leaving him saddled with debts and dependents. In an attempt to win money though gambling, Dostoevsky instead buried himself further in debt. With creditors at his heels and with debts around 43,000 rubles, he was able to escape with 175 rubles and a slave contract with book seller F.T. Stellovsky. This agreement stipulated that if Dostoevsky did not produce a novel by November 1, 1866, all rights to Dostoevsky’s past and future works would revert to Stellovsky. Time passed and Dostoevsky, preoccupied with a longer, serialized novel, did not work on the book he promised Stellovsky until at last, on the advice of his friends, he hired the young Anna Grigorievna, Snitkin as his stenographer. He the dictated the Gambler to her, and the manuscript was delivered to Stellovsky on the same day their agreement was to expire.

buy custom Evidence-Based Practice in The Health Belief Model

buy custom Evidence-Based Practice in The Health Belief Model The Health Belief Model Theory Abstract The Health Belief Model is one of the most widespread and successful theories used in the sphere of health education and health promotion. Initially the researchers created this theory in the sphere of social science in the early 1950s with the primary purpose to understand and assess the failure of people to adopt strategies that may prevent a disease. Even nowadays this behavioral change model remains one of the most effective theories applied to predict, evaluate, and change health-related behaviors of individuals in numerous challenging health areas, especially nursing. The health belief model bases on such pillars as perceived seriousness, susceptibility, benefits, and, finally, barriers, and assists healthcare providers in ensuring effective aid and high-quality services to patients. Keywords: health belief model, perceived seriousness, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, perceived limitations, self-efficacy, cues to action

Should I Go to a Rural, Urban, or Suburban College

Should I Go to a Rural, Urban, or Suburban College SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The location of a school can have a big impact on your experience as a student. It’s important to be aware of your preferences and make sure you choose a college that lines up with what will make you happiest. In this article, I’ll give you some details on the characteristics of rural, urban, and suburban college environments so that you can decide which one sounds like the best fit for you. What Is a Rural College Environment Like? Rural colleges are colleges that are located in the country, often with access to wilderness areas and farms. Generally, a college is considered rural if its campus is in a town with a population of less than 25,000 people.These schools can provide great outdoor learning opportunities in fields like environmental science and agriculture. I attendedDartmouth College, which I would consider a rural schoolgivenits remote location in the small town of Hanover, NH. While there, I took a class called â€Å"Food and Power.† We got to go on a field trip to the organic farm that’s associated with the college and eat some delicious fresh asparagus. (Seriously, I didn’t know it was possible for asparagus to taste that good.)Students also had the opportunity to work on the farm and learn more about how food was grown, an experience that wouldn't be accessible in a city environment. Usually at rural colleges there will still be a small town of some kind nearby so you can buy basic necessities that aren’t available on campus.Rural colleges tend to be far from any major city centers, although some do provide busing for students to cities that are within a reasonable distance (e.g. a couple of hours away).Rural college campuses are often very self-contained, meaning that not many students will live off campus because there aren’t enough options! Most events will happen on campus since there are very few opportunities to go out to clubs or shows off-campus.For this reason, rural colleges will often bring free concerts and performances to their students.These can be pretty cool, and this state of affairsalso means that you’ll spend a lot less money on going out with your friends.The scenery and activities available can vary immensely depending on where a rural college is located. Some are near mountains with great skiing and hiking and some might be near lakes or nice biking trails. Examples of rural colleges include: Middlebury College Bucknell University Carleton College Bucknell University in either the spring or fall. I can't tell which it is. All I know is that those trees are showing a LOT of branch. Is a Rural College the Right Choice for You? Rural colleges are great for students who love the outdoors and want to be a part of a tight-knit community.If you prefer to go for a hike or hang out with your friends in a quieter setting rather than spend a night out on the town, a rural college may be right up your alley.Rural colleges are ideal for those who prefer a friendly, relaxed atmosphere where they will mainly be interacting with other college students.If the idea of living on campus for most or all of your time in college and sticking to the same few reliable options for entertainment and food doesn’t bother you, then you’ll probably like the atmosphere at a rural college. One drawback of this type of environment is that there might not be as many job or internship opportunities available in the immediate vicinity.However, this can also leave you more open to the possibility of traveling somewhere new and exciting for a summer internship or job rather than sticking around in the same area. Rural colleges will do their best to provide on-campus job opportunities for students who are interested. Another thing to keep in mind is the transportation situation at rural colleges. If you don't have a car, it's going to be difficult for you to get off campus. This can feel a little bit claustrophobic at times. Many schools do provide busing or access to local transportation systems, but it's much less convenient to get around without a car at a rural college. If you don't have a car, you will probably end up knowing someone with a car, though; it's typically not a huge issue unless you're set on driving home every weekend. What Is an Urban College Environment Like? Urban colleges are located in large cities (typically with populations of 200,000 or more).The layouts of urban college campuses can vary immensely; some are more self-contained in their own little bubbles, and some are spread throughout the city.If a campus is more spread out, the college often offers specialized public transportation shuttles for students or will provide students with passes to use on the city’s public transportationsystems.Urban college campuses are extremely variable depending on the city and neighborhood where they are located, so you'll need to visit the school and do some research before making too many assumptions about what the environment is actually like. In many cases, urban campuses will offer off-campus learning opportunities in the form of internships and classes that allow students to interact with the surrounding community.Since urban campuses have such a close proximity to so many company headquarters and job opportunities, they can be great places to start your internship search and get your foot in the door career-wise. Urban colleges will provide you with access to many off-campus entertainment options including museums, bars, clubs, concerts, movies, plays, and more.They also tend to attract a more diverse student body. Examples of urban colleges include: New York University Northeastern University UCLA The Northeastern University campus. Dat landscaping. Is an Urban College the Right Choice for You? If you’re all about being in an exciting setting with lots of events and diverse people, an urban college might be the place for you. Since students from a variety of different backgrounds tend to be drawn to schools in big cities, urban colleges usually have a less homogeneous student body than rural colleges.Urban colleges are good environments for outgoing students who like to explore and interact with all different types of people and cultures.There will always be something going on in the surrounding city, and you’ll be able to access pretty much any activity that interests you because of the breadth of experiences available.It’s likely that there will also be other college campuses nearby, so you might have more opportunities to meet and interact with students from other colleges. Overall, it's much easier to get around at urban colleges because you'll usually have access to a robust public transportation system. People will be able to visit you even if they don't have cars because of your central location. If you do have a car, you may run into some issues at an urban college because cars often become largely unnecessary, and it can be expensive to park. If you’re hoping to live off campus and get more of a taste of adult life in college, an urban college might be a good choice.You’ll have tons of choices for where you want to live as an upperclassman. Keep in mind, however, that you couldstill run into cost issues, especially in larger cities (looking at you, New York). High housing pricescan limit your choices and make dorm life a more realistic option.At an urban college, you also won’t be stuck with the school’s dining options or the limited number of restaurants that might be available at a college in a small town. If there’s a certain city that is a hot spot for a career field that interests you, you might consider attending an urban college in the area to do some networking. It's easier to make connections when you can meet up with potential employers face to face. What Is a Suburban College Environment Like? A suburban college is a college that’s located somewhere between the rural and urban college environment.These colleges may be in small cities, large towns, or residential areas near large cities with populations that number between 25,000 and 200,000.Suburban colleges will offer some of the qualities of both urban and rural schools depending on their proximity to cities and the layout of their campuses. Suburban college campuses tend to be self-contained like rural colleges, fostering a sense of community amongst students.However, students at suburban colleges will have more options for activities off campus in the surrounding area.Suburban campuses often provide students with access to both outdoor activities similar to those found at rural colleges and urban entertainment options such as the museums, concerts, and clubs mentioned above. In many cases, suburban colleges have strong ties to the towns in which they are located, meaning student discounts at local venues as well as more job and internship opportunities. Local transportation is often provided to students for easy access to activities in the area, but it may be less directly accessible than at urban schools. It can be useful to have a car at a suburban college, but it's usually not necessary for getting off campus. Examples of suburban colleges include: Pomona College University of Virginia Tufts University Pomona College, where you can't be sad unless you don't ever look outside. Is a Suburban College the Right Choice for You? If different aspects of both rural and urban colleges appeal to you, then the suburban college life might be a good fit.You may like being in the city to a certain degree, but you want to be able to get away that atmosphere sometimes and enjoy nature.Suburban colleges will give you many choices for how you want to spend your time outside of class. If you want to get off campus you can, but you can also choose to stay within the college bubble if that’s what makes you feel more comfortable.Depending on location, suburban colleges may offer more access to off-campus housing options for students.If you’re interested in living off-campus without being in the middle of a big, intimidating city, a suburban college could be a great choice. Conclusion Location and environment are very important factors to consider when choosing a college.Depending on your personality, you might be happier at a rural, urban, or suburban school.Rural campuses are great for students who want to experience the outdoors far from the hustle and bustle of city life and be a part of a very independent college community.Urban campuses might be a better fit for students who love to go out on the town, experience a wide variety of cultural events, and meet lots of new people outside of those who attend their same school.Suburban campuses present a mixture of both environments; if aspects of both rural and suburban colleges appeal to you, a suburban college might be the way to go. Remember that this is just one factor that you should think about in your college search!Read my guide on how to choose a college to help you start brainstorming your preferences and researching schools. What's Next? You've probably heard of safety schools and reach schools, but how should you go about choosing them for yourself? Read more about how to decide on the bestsafety schools and reach schools in these articles. Another important way that colleges are categorized is by their status as public or private institutions. Find out what each type of school offers and whether one might be a better fit for you. Going to a college that's far away from your hometown can be a tough transition, but it's a great experience for many students. Learn about the pros and cons of going to school out of state. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Finance Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Finance - Case Study Example This involved the rise in the price of diesel, a shortage of drivers and an effort to maintain their depreciating fleets. Problem Statement The biggest challenge included debts from credit cards, commercial mortgages and machine financing. Exchange of money for a new issue of preferred stock and warrants was the beginning of GE Capital. This led to deterioration of the company at a remarkably fast rate. This deterioration, in turn, led to a fall in price of credit default swaps, lenders’ insurance and actual bonds of the company (Norton, Diamond and Pagach 245). Sales of common stock does not always imply a success in the financial position. Other Issues In debt and borrowing, it is of importance that GE Capital embraces its position with the AAA ratings. This rating is of the essence as it helps generate 40% of its revenue from the units. GE experienced a fall in earning up to below 110% of the fixed charges of the unit. This is defined as interest expense with an additional portion of rental costs. To gain financial stability, GE Capital needed to take the ratio back to 110%. A rise in the debt ratio above 8 to 1 would require the parent company to add more funds. Revenue was fixed at 170% at year end for GE Capital. This, however, was not matched by the equity to debt ratio as it was above 7.3 to 1 on the high end that was the case for various companies. Moreover, there is a greater share of more than $43 billion in loans that were securitized. Another problem was recruiting and employing quality drivers and raising finance for its operations. Other widespread concerns were the increasing expense on diesel fuel and machine parts and maintenance. There were also other concerns regarding the costs of operation related to complying with government regulations. Analysis Liquidity Current ratio Industry 2002 2001 2000 =1.1:1 2.3:1 2.8:1 3.4:1 Acid Test Ratio Industry 2002 2001 2000 =0.9:1 1.7:1 1.9:1 2.2:1 Working Capital Industry 2002 2001 2000 N/A 34,421 28,252 33,062 Profitability Return on Equity Industry 2002 2001 2000 30.2% 52.6% 13.0% 0.0% Stability Industry 2002 2001 2000 Debt/Equity 1.56:1 2.2:1 4.2:1 0.23:1 Interest Coverage N/A 5.5* 1.7* 1.0* Industry 2002 2001 2000 Age of Receivables 42.6 days 18days 16days 40days Age of Payables N/A 19days 14days 34days The liquidity ratio indicates that GE Capital has the ability to meet its financial needs. It is higher than the industry ratio. However, there is a decline in the ratios every year from 2000. There is no consistency in the levels of working capital throughout the three years. In 2002 working capital is greatest an indication that GE is doing well. Profitability of the company has been on the rise throughout the three years. It is higher than the industry level implying acceptable profitability. Stability of the company is higher than the industries as well as the repayment periods. This shows that the GE Capital is at a favorable financial position. Statement of Changes Sources: Other Receivable 53 Prepaid Expenses 1,172 Loan (New court) 13,631 Loan ( GE Capital) 189,000 Retained 56,999 Uses: (20,092) Net Cash Increase 300,732 Cash 31st Dec 2000 (3,877) Cash 31st Dec 2002 8107 The net cash increased by 300,732 and there was also an increase in cash in 2002 to 8107.It indicates the ability of GE Capital to meet its short term financial responsibility. It shows that the company has a remarkable liquidity. The Four C’s of Credit Character refers to the credibility of a business

Jehovah witness in St. Louis Mo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Jehovah witness in St. Louis Mo - Essay Example They are well-known for their pervasive preaching and circulating activities. The highly eminent religious magazines like The Watchtower and Awake are the results of their publications. The Watchtower which mainly deals with the issues discussed in the Bible is published twice a month and Awake which covers the general topics of day-to-day life is published monthly. Any kind of idol worship or religious symbols are banned by the Jehovah’s Witnesses. They reject blood donations and their research and development of bloodless surgery techniques have resulted in various bloodless treatment options. Inspired by the Bible the Jehovah’s Witnesses encourage singleness. Nationalism and social ceremonies and rituals are not entertained by the witnesses. However, they are allowed to pay taxes to the government. Their motive is to spread the good news of Jehovah’s Kingdom to the people through door-to-door preaching. The Jehovah’s Witnesses lay considerable emphasis on reading of the Bible and regular prayers to God. The religion claims of God’s earthly paradise with the promise of eternal life when the lost ones will be resurrected. The followers believe that they have been chosen by Jehovah to spread the good news to all as the period of â€Å"last days† are going on. Like most of the religions the Jehovahâ€⠄¢s Witnesses consider premarital sex and abortion to be sinful. Any witness who is found guilty of indulging in any such heinous act is excommunicated or â€Å"disfellowshipped† by the congregation. The Jehovah Witnesses call their place of worship as the â€Å"Kingdom Hall†. It is the meeting place for members of the religion predominantly utilized for directions of Bible and devotion to God. This place of worship is purely functional in character. Scheduled meetings generally thrice a week including Sundays are held in each Kingdom Hall where the local groups assemble to offer their prayers to â€Å"Jehovah†. The members address

Network Security Planning Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Network Security Planning - Research Paper Example Over the year network infrastructure has always been suffering major threats and immeasurable attacks of the data panel. The following has been established as the major threats to the network infrastructure: In order to secure network infrastructure one must secure and manage the access of such infrastructure devices. Compromising with the infrastructure devise access, compromises the management and security of the entire network. This calls for the establishment of critical and suitable controls necessary to curb unauthorized invasion to the infrastructure devices. Network infrastructure devices aims at providing a wide range and different variety of access protocols. This includes asynchronous and console connections, In addition to protocols based on remote access such as HTTP, Telnet, rlogin and SSH. Therefore, every infrastructure device should be skillfully configured and reviewed to ensure that only allowed access procedures are enhanced and that they are thoroughly protected. Enhance confidentiality of data- protect all the sensitive data stored from copying or viewing. Protect all the information in a communication channel from session hijacking, sniffing, and man in the middle attacks. Cisco safe architecture, like any other network security system, is not immune to limitations. However, it has successfully developed threat mitigation and detection programs readily available on Cisco security agents, Cisco firewalls, Cisco network admissions control, and Cisco IPS and web safety appliances. In addition, these devices alerts and generate information centrally gathered and correlated using the Cisco security monitoring, analysis and response system which recognize the source of threats, envisage the attack route, give the possible suggestions and sometimes optionally implements the response actions. The visibility of Cisco IPS reduces many instances of false positives thus allowing for dynamic quarantine impositions of unsecured

Womens Engagement in Politics

Womens Engagement in Politics Why are there relatively few women engaged in political activity? Introduction It is evident that women are underrepresented in government and in general do not engage in political activity in the same numbers as men do. Various explanations have been used to explain this phenomenon: entrenched discrimination on the part of candidate selectors, elite theory as well as the Supply and Demand Model. This paper visits each explanation in turn finding some value in each. Finally, the argument is made that another possibility is that the system has been created by men for men. When states and constitutions were created in today’s developing countries, women did not have the right to vote, own property or engage in any political activity. Therefore, one could argue that the terms of the social contract on which liberal democracies are based are male- centric and do not allow for the equal representation of women. Theoretical Perspectives: Women and Democracy Beyond the basic interpretation of democracy as â€Å"rule by the people†, scholars have noted that democracy has evolved, changing over time and space and responding to evolution in public affairs. As explained by Meny â€Å"it is commonly accepted that democracy has varied over time, evolving from a rather elitist and restrictive form to a more open and participatory form of government† (Meny, 2002, p.10). Dahl identifies three evolutionary waves, or â€Å"transformations† of democracy, from the Greek city- state to the republic and finally to the nation- state (Dahl, 1989). Furthermore, Dahl identifies the basic criteria for a democratic process as: effective participation, voting equality at the decisive stage, enlightened understanding, control of the agenda by the people, and equal opportunity (Dahl, 1989). Effective participation is the requirement for citizens to have an equal chance of expressing preference for the political outcome, and their choice should be weighed as equal to that of any other citizen. Enlightened understanding means that citizens should be informed in their choice and have an understanding of the system. At first glance, therefore, one would be surprised with the arguments posed by some Feminists that standard definitions of democracy such as the above are discriminatory against women and legitimize a gender- biased system. Waylen asserts: â€Å"democracy defined in these ways becomes a ‘political method’ simply an institutional arrangement to generate and legitimize leadership† (Waylen, 1994, p.332). To help us understand statements like these, we should consider the distinction between different kinds of â€Å"equality† and the historic inequality democratic systems have imposed on women. There is an important distinction between equality of opportunity and equality of result. If a system merely aims at equality of opportunity then giving women the right to vote and come forward as candidates would be an end in itself; but if equality of result is sought, then one would see that external factors diminish the value of equality of opportunity (Karam ed. 199 8). A historic overview of â€Å"democracy† reveals that as a system in application, it is embedded with inequality. The democrats in ancient Greece excluded women, slaves and immigrants and considered foreigners to be â€Å"barbarians† and therefore inferior to the Greeks. At a minimum, democracy requires that people have the right to vote, and this right was not given to women until recently: 1919 in West Germany, 1920 in the USA, 1921 in the UK and 1971 in Switzerland (just to name a few examples of developed and democratic states). In accounting for this inequality, Feminists emphasize the concept of patriarchy and the distinction between the public and private sphere. Patriarchy[1] means â€Å"rule by fathers† and mainstream political theory argues that this system has been obsolete and no longer n existence since more than three hundred years ago. Feminists, however, have always been pointing out that it still exists. Pateman argues that patriarchy has been replaced by â€Å"fraternity†[2] through the establishment of the social contract. Patriarchy has its foundations in the separation between the public and the private sphere, thereby keeping women confined in the private sphere, removed from politics: â€Å"The division of public and private life as one that differentiates the woman (private) from the man (public) is the overarching ideological tool of patriarchy† (Corrin 1999 quoting Eisenstein 1984). Liberal Democracy This system aims to check both the tyranny of the majority and the abuse of power by a government, usually through a system of checks and balances. The system merely aims at equality of opportunity (and not equality of result or of condition) and accountability through voting. It assumes that society consists of a plurality of interests which compete with each other over influence over political outcomes. As a result of this competition a stalemate may occur which means little or piece meal change to the system can be achieved and thus the status quo perpetuates. This model embraces the distinction between the public and private sphere. [3] Feminists therefore criticize liberal democracy and assert that inequalities between husband and wife reduce the value of political life for women. Feminists also feel that a â€Å"gender- neutral† approach to citizenship (as is proposed by liberal democracy) actually serves to exclude women. Phillips argues that concepts such as the individual, citizenship, rights etc are male categories (Phillips, 1991). Participatory Democracy This model requires social equality and emphasizes participation. It challenges the private- public distinction and proposes that for democracy to be meaningful in the public sphere there must also be democracy in the private sphere. Feminists agree that voting is not enough and that there must be discussion and participation. However, feminists argue that this model also creates an elite of â€Å"active† citizens. As certain categories of women such as housewives have less free time, they are less able to be â€Å"active† in public affairs and would therefore be disadvantaged. Elite Theory Elite theory assumes that throughout history there has been a group of people who â€Å"rule† and the rest who are ruled by them. Essentially this theory is about power and its distribution. Gaetano Mosca argues that the existence of the elite and its dominance depends on its organizational position and abilities. Mosca believes that the more organized minority will prevail over the less organized majority. Mosca distinguishes between an upper stratum elite (small group of political decision- makers) and a lower stratum of the elite, who perform lesser political functions. Mosca saw elite- formation as inevitable; if the mass were to rise against the elite and replace it in government, another small group would rise from within the masses and prevail over the rest. Mosca saw elite theory and democracy as compatible (Rush, 1992). Michels drew upon Mosca’s â€Å"iron law of oligarchy† and argued that like all other organizations, political parties are dominated by their leadership. Pareto diverges from the Marxist notion that the elite are defined in economic terms, and argues instead that it is human attributes such as motivation and abilities which define it (Rush, 1992). Political Recruitment The Selection Process Norris and Lovenduski identify three levels of analyzing political recruitment: a) systematic factors such as the legal system, the electoral system and the party system, which set the context for analysis, b) context- setting factors such as party organization, rules and ideology, c) factors influencing directly the recruitment of individual candidates such as resources and motivations of applicants and the attitudes of â€Å"gatekeepers† (Norris and Lovenduski, 1995). The recruitment process is generally evaluated by testing whether the system is democratic (involving local activists and grassroots members), whether it is fair (treating all applicants equally), whether it is efficient (as a decision- making process) and whether it is effective in producing candidates of a high standard (Norris and Lovenduski, 1995). There are six main types of selection process and these are: 1) informal- centralized, where constitutional mechanisms may be in place but in essence patronage controls outcomes and rules are largely symbolic 2) informal – regional where factions bargain in order to get good positions for their candidates, 3) informal- localized where the decision over which selection procedure will be used depends on local groups and therefore procedures vary and the system is open to manipulation by small groups 4, 5) formal- centralized/ formal- regional where party leaders at national or at regional level have the power to choose candidates and 6) formal- localized where constitutional rules and guidelines create a standard procedure and all applicants are treated equally (Norris and Lovenduski, 1995). According to Norris and Lovenduski: â€Å"in the long term the main change in recruitment within British parties has been in process rather than power. There has been a gradual evolution from an ‘informal- localized’ system based on patronage in the nineteenth century towards more ‘formal- localized’ system today based on more meritocratic standards† (Norris and Lovenduski, 1995, p.5). Supply and Demand In analyzing trends in political recruitment, Norris and Lovenduski present the Supply and Demand Model : â€Å"based on a ‘supply and demand’ model, the study distinguishes between the factors influencing the ‘supply’ of candidates willing to come forward and the factors influencing the ‘demand’ of party selectors in making their decisions† ((Norris and Lovenduski, 1995, p.14). On the Demand side, selectors choose based on perceptions of the candidates’ abilities, experience etc. Such perceptions can be affected by discrimination and stereotyping either in a positive r in a negative way. Direct discrimination is judging people as members of groups instead of as individuals. Imputed discrimination amounts to selectors favouring certain categories of candidates e.g. women or racial minorities (Norris and Lovenduski, 1995). On the Supply side, selectors may argue that certain categories of people such as women do not come forward as candidates. Motivation and constrained resources may affect potential candidacies. Also, demand and supply are inter-related; some may be deterred from coming forward out of fear of discrimination (Norris and Lovenduski, 1995). Applied to the case of women, the Demand side proposes that women may have lower resources in terms of money and time as well as lower levels of political ambition and confidence. On the supply side, selector may employ direct or imputed discrimination against women: â€Å"the basic problem is that selectors are not enthusiastic about women candidates. They believe the electorate does not want them. They do not see women as having the same commitment as men. They do not know how to categorize them †¦ in short, they apply different standards† (Norris and Lovenduski, 1995, p.115 quoting Mitchell 1982). Party Selection In the Conservative Party, following the Chelmer Report 1972 the rules guiding procedures were revised. This slightly strengthened the role of party members at the expense of the constituency executive committee. In 1980 the Conservative Central Office introduced managerialist selection boards to scrutinize candidates on the Approved List before they could apply. These boards aimed to produce better quality candidates and fairer procedures (Norris and Lovenduski, 1995). The Labour general party modernization in the 1980s included selection rules reform. Thus, there was a mandatory reselection for incumbents, a formalized selection procedure and power shifted downwards to an electoral college of all members. To encourage more women candidates the Party altered short listing rules and introduced more training programs (Norris and Lovenduski, 1995). For the general election 1997 Labour introduced women-only shortlists whereby a proportion of local parties were required to shortlist only women candidates for selection. The policy was then withdrawn as it was found in breach of the Sex Discrimination Act 1975. The Electoral System According to Norris and Lovenduski â€Å"the British electoral system is commonly seen as contributing towards the localism of the selection process, by strengthening the links between individual MPs and their constituency† (Norris and Lovenduski, 1995, p.28). The British first- pass- the post system is based on a 651 plurality, single member districts and opportunities are determined by the number of seats. Voters can vote for or against individual candidates, but have no say over who is placed before them as a candidate (Norris and Lovenduski, 1995). The incumbency turnover further constrains opportunities to enter parliament. The rise of â€Å"careerism† whereby MPs enter parliament at a younger age and see their position as a career further supports this proposition. The party system is a further constraint; traditionally the UK was considered a two- party system, but this has gradually been weakened in the post- war period (Norris and Lovenduski, 1995). Conclusions: Accounting for Women’s Under representation The Discrimination Argument Some feel that women are discriminated against by part selectors: â€Å"discrimination by gatekeepers is probably one of the most common explanations of the social bias in our parliament† (Norris and Lovenduski, 1995, p.123). However, it is difficult to establish proof of this discrimination. Others feel that at present the system is open to women and explain the under representation in terms of structural constraints such as lack of confidence or the difficulty to combine family life with a career in politics (Norris and Lovenduski, 1995). There is also the argument that selectors may not be biased themselves, but may feel that the electorate has biased perceptions. Therefore, to avoid ‘losing’ they do not select ‘risky’ candidates such as women or ethnic minorities. In general, ‘winning’ candidates are perceived as local, white, middle class and male: â€Å"perceptions of anticipated electoral gains and losses reflect, and thereby reinforce the dominant class and racial biases within parliament† (Norris and Lovenduski, 1995, p.136). The Elite Theory argument An application of elite theory to liberal democracies at present, confirms the validity of this model. Electoral systems may mean that the voters do not have a genuine choice and that this lies in the hands of the selectorate, usually party officials: â€Å"studies in a number of countries show that in socio- economic terms the differences between successful and unsuccessful candidates are not great and that the selection of candidates is often in the hands of a small group of party leaders and activists† (Rush, 1992, p.66). The Social Contract Revisited Nadezhda Shvedova identifies the difficulties women face in achieving equal representation in government: political, socio-economic, and ideological/psychological obstacles (Karam ed. 1998). Political obstacles include: the type of electoral system ( Shvedova believes proportional representation is better for increasing women’s representation), prevalence of the â€Å"masculine model† of political life e.g. the â€Å"predator mentality† that is supposedly alien to women, and lack of party support. Arguments of socio-economic obstacles usually stem from the theory that higher development brings more democratization; Ideological/psychological obstacles are the traditional social roles assigned to women and men, women’s lack of confidence, the perception of politics as a â€Å"dirty†, and the way in which women are portrayed in the mass media. In newly democratized countries mechanisms such as quotas have been devised to ensure equal representation. Quotas are introduced to make sure that women constitute a certain percentage of the members of a public body such as a candidate list, committee, parliament assembly, or government. They usually aim at achieving at least a â€Å"critical minority† of 30-40% for women (Karam ed. 1998). The three most common forms of these mechanisms are: constitutional quotas which reserve seats in the national parliament for women, election law quotas which are written in national law, and political party quotas which are adopted by political parties to achieve a certain percentage of women as candidates. According to Dahlerup, â€Å"History seems to prove that the implementation of a quota system is made easier in a new political system than in an older one, where most seats might be ‘occupied’, and consequently a conflict may arise between the interests of new groups versus those of the incumbent† (Karam ed. 1998). Countries that have implemented quotas for women are : Uganda, South Africa, Argentina, Brazil, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Eritrea, Tanzania, Belgium, Italy and Namibia (Karam ed. 1998). An example of a newly democratized state where women played an important role in creating the institutions and the foundations of the state is South Africa. According to Seidman â€Å"During the South African transition women activists played a surprisingly important role in the negotiations, in the elections, and in designing the new state. Women’s participation is already leading to new approaches in policy making and, I will suggest, to the construction of a new vision of gendered citizenship† (Seidman 1999, p. 288). This illustrates the ambiguous relationship between development and democracy, and the relationship between the role played by women in freedom or independence struggles and their subsequent role in the new state. . However, it is more difficult to implement such mechanisms in older democracies where rules of procedure and systems are entrenched. Another reason is that the liberal democratic model creates systems that are less â€Å"gendered† than the participatory democracy model, for example, would. This may not have been done to purposely discriminate against women; it may be more about the general ideology of liberal democracy. A good illustration would be the case of the USA where the founding fathers of the American Constitution aimed at creating a â€Å"free† society. â€Å"Free† however, does not imply equal in resources or in condition. Liberal democracy can be therefore criticized because the state will strive to achieve the equality of disadvantaged people; it is more likely to act as a neutral mediator or even observer in the free, pluralist system, where the strongest group/ elite will prevail. It therefore follows that in such a system, reforms to improve the r epresentation of women in political activity will be piece-meal and gradual. References Corrin, C. (1999). Feminist Perspectives on Politics, Essex, Pearson Prentice Hall. Karam, A. (ed) (1998). Women in Parliament: Beyond Numbers, Stockholm, International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA). Waylen, G. (2003), Gender and Transitions: What Do We Know?, Democratisation, 10 (1), p. 157- 178. Waylen, G. (1994), Women and Democratisation: Conceptualising Gender Relations in Transition Politics. World Politics, 46 (3), p. 327- 354. Seidman, G. (1999), Gendered Citizenship: South Africa’s Democratic Transition and the Construction of a Gendered State, Gender and Society, 13 (3), p.287-307. Phillips, A. (1991), Engendering Democracy, Cambridge , Polity. Pateman, C. (1988), The Sexual Contract, Cambridge, Polity. Meny, Y. (2002), De la democratie en Europe: Old Concepts and New Challenges, Journal of Common Market Studies, 41 (1), p. 1-13. Dahl, R. (1989), Democracy and Its Critics, New Haven; London, Yale University Press. Rush, M (1992), Democracy and its Critics, Harvester Wheatsheaf, Prentice Hall. Norris, P. and Lovenduski, J. (1995), Political Recruitment: Gender, Race and Class in the British Parliament, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. 1 Footnotes [1] Adrienne Rich defines patriarchy as â€Å"a familial- social, ideological, political system in which men by force, direct pressure, or through ritual, tradition, law and language, customs, etiquette, education, and the division of labour, determine what part women shall or shall not play† (Corrin 1999, p.8 quoting Rich 1997). [2] Fraternity means â€Å"rule by brothers† and is seen by Feminists such as Pateman as equally discriminative against women as patriarchy [3] Plato and Aristotle had made this distinction in their writings (Phillips, 1991)